During the colonial era, Guanajuato emerged as a key mining hub in New Spain. The region’s rich mineral deposits, particularly silver, drew settlers and traders eager to capitalize on its resources. By the 18th century, Guanajuato had become the primary silver supplier for the Spanish crown, playing a crucial role in the colonial economy. Mines like Valenciana and Rayas were renowned for their vast output of precious metals. This mining surge spurred rapid urban development, marked by the construction of grand haciendas, temples, and colonial buildings that still stand today. However, resource exploitation came with significant human costs, as indigenous and mestizo workers endured harsh conditions. The wealth from mining not only influenced Guanajuato’s architecture and culture but also established its identity as a prominent historical and cultural center in Mexico.