- Centrul Istoric Sighisoara - Sighisoara Fortress, considered the largest medieval fortress in Europe inhabited without interruption, but also the best preserved city fortress in Transylvania, the most attractive and complete medieval urban complex in Romania, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1999.
On the site of today’s Sghişoara was the Roman military guard post Sandava, founded by German settlers in the North Rhine region, who had been invited to settle in Transylvania by the king of Hungary, Géza II, to defend the eastern borders. Here, the settlers receive in use “fundus regius” (“Christian land”) and enjoy special rights and privileges.
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Since 1999, the medieval fortress of Sighisoara has been under the protection of UNESCO and forms part of the world heritage list. A fortress was first constructed here in 1280. The 14th century saw craftsmen put together in powerful guilds, who built a stone defense wall around the fortress. This wall spans 930 meters and rises 4 meters high.
In Romania, one of the oldest archaeological sites is the Rupea Citadel, also known as Burg Reps in German or Kőhalmi vár in Hungarian. It holds evidence of human settlements from the Paleolithic and early Neolithic times.
The citadel was first documented in 1324 during the Saxon revolt against King Charles I of Hungary when it was used as a refugee shelter. As per archaeologists, this citadel stands on the ruins of an ancient Dacian defensive fort which had been taken over by the Romans. The citadel’s name is derived from the Latin word ‘rupes’, signifying stone.
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