• Lyab-i-Hauz - The Lyabi-Khauz architectural ensemble is composed of three significant monumental structures: the Kukeldash Madrasah to the north, the khanaka, and Nodir Divan-begi to the west and east. The southern side of the square was once bordered by Trade Street. At the heart of this grand ensemble in old Bukhara lies a reservoir.

The term “Lyabi-Khauz” translates to “by the reservoir.” According to an old legend, Nadir Divan-begi, the khan’s gardener, struggled to acquire a plot of land for his planned construction because it was owned by a solitary woman. The powerful vizier then ordered a channel to be built under the woman’s house, causing water to erode the walls. The distressed woman was forced to sell the land. Secretly, the khan’s reservoir was referred to as the “reservoir of violence,” which, according to an Arabic inscription, indicates the construction date as 1620.

• Kalon Minaret - Since the advent of Islam, there have been three types of mosques: Djuma mosques, designed for the large congregations attending Friday services; Namazga country mosques (musalla idgoh), used by men from both the city and surrounding areas to celebrate the Muslim holidays of Qurban and Ramazan; and Quzar mosques, intended for daily use in residential neighborhoods.
• Mir-i-Arab Madrasa - The Miri-Arab madrasah, with its two large blue domes, stands prominently above the surrounding buildings in central Bukhara. Together with the Kalyan mosque and minaret, this religious educational institution forms the Poi-Kalyan ensemble, the spiritual heart of the city.
• Poi Kalyan Mosque - This is the main ensemble in the center of Bukhara, located on the route to the trade crossing known as “four bazaars.” Poi-Kalyan translates to “the pedestal of the Great” (referring to the Kalyan minaret). The ensemble includes four monuments: the Kalyan mosque and the Miri-Arab Madrasah, which face each other with their main facades; the Kalyan minaret situated between them; and the small Amir-Allimkhan Madrasah to the south of Miri-Arab.
• Trading Domes - Bukhara is renowned not only for its mosques, Ark Fortress, and the majestic Kalyan minaret but also for its trading domes, which stretch in a procession from Lyabi-Khauz to the Miri-Arab madrasah. In the 16th century, under the Shaybanides dynasty, Bukhara became the capital, leading to unprecedented urban growth. Located on the Great Silk Road, its markets and trading stores became even more bustling. Although several centuries have passed, four trading domes have survived to this day.
• Ark of Bukhara - The Ark of Bukhara is a massive fortress in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, originally built and occupied around the 5th century AD. Beyond its military function, the Ark served as a town, inhabited by various royal courts throughout much of its history. The fortress remained in use until it fell to Russia in 1920. Today, the Ark is a tourist attraction housing museums that cover its history, including an archaeological museum, the throne room, the reception and coronation court, a local history museum, and the court mosque.
• Moschea Bolo-khauz - The Bolo-Khauz Complex is the only remaining monument on Registan Square. Located opposite the Ark, the Emir’s fortress, the complex includes a reservoir, a Friday mosque, and a minaret.

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